博客园_玛瑙河的部落格

解决MASM编程对话框中文问题

2011-09-08T08:34:00Z

由于MASM32中Dialog.inc文件中ustring宏有问题，导致用对话框相关的宏显示含有中文的对话框时出问题。原代码如下所示：

; ------------------------------------------------
    ; write unicode string at current location in EDI
    ; ------------------------------------------------
      ustring MACRO quoted_text
        LOCAL asc_txt
      .data
        asc_txt db quoted_text,0
      .code
        invoke MultiByteToWideChar,CP_ACP,MB_PRECOMPOSED,
               ADDR asc_txt,-1,edi,LENGTHOF asc_txt
        add edi, LENGTHOF asc_txt*2
      ENDM

修改为以下后正常：

; ------------------------------------------------
    ; write unicode string at current location in EDI
    ; ------------------------------------------------
      ustring MACRO quoted_text
        LOCAL asc_txt,dwMinSize
      .data
        asc_txt db quoted_text,0
        dwMinSize dd 0
      .code
        invoke MultiByteToWideChar,CP_ACP,0, ADDR asc_txt,-1,0,0 
        mov dwMinSize,eax
        invoke MultiByteToWideChar,CP_ACP,MB_PRECOMPOSED, ADDR asc_txt,-1,edi,dwMinSize
        add edi, dwMinSize
        add edi, dwMinSize
      ENDM

原理参见MSDN库中关于MultiByteToWideChar函数用法相关的资料。

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清除U盘子目录变成1K大小的快捷方式病毒的脚本

2010-10-14T06:45:00Z

@echo 本脚本删除如下类型的U盘病毒：所有子目录变成1K大小的快捷方式(*.lnk),
@echo 实际为病毒隐藏了U盘下的子目录，然后创建了与这些子目录同名的病毒。
@echo.
@echo 请将此脚本放置在U盘根目录并以管理员身份运行此脚本。
@echo 本脚本将作如下动作：1.删除所有快捷方式；2.恢复被病毒隐藏的目录
@echo.
@echo 运用此脚本可能会带来附加损害，责任自负。可能的副作用如下：
@echo     1.与此脚本同一目录下后缀为.lnk的全部文件都会被删除，如果您在此
@echo       目录自建有快捷方式，请事先备份
@echo     2.正常的系统隐藏目录（比如回收站等）会被取消隐藏，请自行甄别并
@echo       恢复隐藏。
@echo.
@echo 如果您不能确定副作用是否会对您造成实际损害，请按2以取消脚本的执行。
@echo 否则按1继续执行此脚本。
@echo.
@CHOICE /C 12 /M "1.继续执行; 2.立即退出"

@if %ERRORLEVEL%==2 goto :eof

@if exist *.lnk del *.lnk
@for /F "delims=\" %%i in ('dir /A:HD /B') do @attrib -H -S "%%i"

@echo 脚本执行成功！
@pause

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Scala 脚本的 pound bang 魔术

2010-09-06T22:23:00Z

(作者：玛瑙河。尊重他人劳动成果，转载请注明作者或出处)

在scala语言的创始者Martin Odersky等人所著的《Programing in Scala -- A comprehensive step-by-step guide》一书的附录A中，描述了在Unix和Windows执行Scala脚本的方法：

Appendix A
Scala scripts on Unix and Windows

If you’re on some flavor of Unix, you can run a Scala script as a shell script
by prepending a “pound bang” directive at the top of the file. For example,
type the following into a file named helloarg:

1 #!/bin/sh
2 exec scala "$0" "$@"
3  !#
4  // Say hello to the first argument
5  println("Hello, "+ args(0) +"!")

The initial #!/bin/sh must be the very first line in the file. Once you set its
execute permission:
$ chmod +x helloarg
You can run the Scala script as a shell script by simply saying:
$ ./helloarg globe

If you’re on Windows, you can achieve the same effect by naming the
file helloarg.bat and placing this at the top of your script:

1 ::#!
2 @echo off
3 call scala %0 %*
4 goto :eof
5 ::!#
6

由此可以看到：在*nix环境中(大家应当想到shebang了吧)，可以通过 exec scala "$0" "$@" 指令来指定用 scala 脚本本身，而在window环境中，可以在批处理文件中调用call scala %0 %* 来执行脚本本身（这里 $0和 %0都代表脚本本身）。但是问题来了，当真正用scala执行这个脚本的时候，::!和::!#之间的内容是不符合scala语法的，这部分内容只能被shell执行，直接用scala 执行显然会出现编译错误。因此很自然的想到这其中肯定有某种魔术，在编译执行过程中肯定会以某种方式去除这段 shell指令。

这种魔术是如何实现的呢？搜索源码，在 scala-compiler-src\scala\tools\nsc\util\SourceFile.scala这个文件中我们找到如下的代码片段：

1 object ScriptSourceFile {
2   /** Length of the script header from the given content, if there is one.
3    *  The header begins with "#!" or "::#!" and ends with a line starting
4    *  with "!#" or "::!#".
5    */
6   def headerLength(cs: Array[Char]): Int = {
7     val headerPattern = Pattern.compile("""^(::)?!#.*(\r|\n|\r\n)""", Pattern.MULTILINE)
8     val headerStarts  = List("#!", "::#!")
9
10     if (headerStarts exists (cs startsWith _)) {
11       val matcher = headerPattern matcher cs.mkString
12       if (matcher.find) matcher.end
13       else throw new IOException("script file does not close its header with !# or ::!#")
14     }
15     else 0
16   }
17   def stripHeader(cs: Array[Char]): Array[Char] = cs drop headerLength(cs)
18
19   def apply(file: AbstractFile, content: Array[Char]) = {
20     val underlying = new BatchSourceFile(file, content)
21     val headerLen = headerLength(content)
22     val stripped = new ScriptSourceFile(underlying, content drop headerLen, headerLen)
23
24     stripped
25   }
26 }

以上声明了一个ScriptSourceFile对象，其apply方法中的content drop headerLen（第22行）是用来去除作为shell指令的文件头的。apply是一个Factory方法，当我们用ScriptSourceFile.apply来创建一个ScriptSourceFile实例的时候，作为shell指令的文件头就被去除了，脚本剩下的部分就能被编译执行了（当然编译过程中还有其它的魔术，这个以后再讲）。

(作者：玛瑙河。尊重他人劳动成果，转载请注明作者或出处)

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Google URL Shorter

2010-08-31T01:22:00Z

Chrome 扩展版： http://goo.gl/PiyX ,

WEB版： http://goo.gl/D15o

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HTML中常用的特殊字符实体编码(Character entity references in HTML 4)

2010-08-30T02:27:00Z

(作者：玛瑙河。尊重他人劳动成果，转载请注明作者或出处)

根据“http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/sgml/entities.html ”整理：

-- Character entity set. "-//W3C//ENTITIES Latin 1//EN//HTML"
ENTITY nbsp " " [ ] -- no-break space = non-breaking space,U++00A0 ISOnum
ENTITY iexcl "¡" [¡] -- inverted exclamation mark, U+00A1 ISOnum
ENTITY cent "¢" [¢] -- cent sign, U+00A2 ISOnum
ENTITY pound "£" [£] -- pound sign, U+00A3 ISOnum
ENTITY curren "¤" [¤] -- currency sign, U+00A4 ISOnum
ENTITY yen "¥" [¥] -- yen sign = yuan sign, U+00A5 ISOnum
ENTITY brvbar "¦" [¦] -- broken bar = broken vertical bar,U++00A6 ISOnum
ENTITY sect "§" [§] -- section sign, U+00A7 ISOnum
ENTITY uml "¨" [¨] -- diaeresis = spacing diaeresis,U++00A8 ISOdia
ENTITY copy "©" [©] -- copyright sign, U+00A9 ISOnum
ENTITY ordf "ª" [ª] -- feminine ordinal indicator, U+00AA ISOnum
ENTITY laquo "«" [«] -- left-pointing double angle quotation mark= left pointing guillemet, U+00AB ISOnum
ENTITY not "¬" [¬] -- not sign, U+00AC ISOnum
ENTITY shy "" [] -- soft hyphen = discretionary hyphen,U++00AD ISOnum
ENTITY reg "®" [®] -- registered sign = registered trade mark sign,U++00AE ISOnum
ENTITY macr "¯" [¯] -- macron = spacing macron = overline= APL overbar, U+00AF ISOdia
ENTITY deg "°" [°] -- degree sign, U+00B0 ISOnum
ENTITY plusmn "±" [±] -- plus-minus sign = plus-or-minus sign,U++00B1 ISOnum
ENTITY sup2 "²" [²] -- superscript two = superscript digit two= squared, U+00B2 ISOnum
ENTITY sup3 "³" [³] -- superscript three = superscript digit three= cubed, U+00B3 ISOnum
ENTITY acute "´" [´] -- acute accent = spacing acute,U++00B4 ISOdia
ENTITY micro "µ" [µ] -- micro sign, U+00B5 ISOnum
ENTITY para "¶" [¶] -- pilcrow sign = paragraph sign,U++00B6 ISOnum
ENTITY middot "·" [·] -- middle dot = Georgian comma= Greek middle dot, U+00B7 ISOnum
ENTITY cedil "¸" [¸] -- cedilla = spacing cedilla, U+00B8 ISOdia
ENTITY sup1 "¹" [¹] -- superscript one = superscript digit one,U++00B9 ISOnum
ENTITY ordm "º" [º] -- masculine ordinal indicator,U++00BA ISOnum
ENTITY raquo "»" [»] -- right-pointing double angle quotation mark= right pointing guillemet, U+00BB ISOnum
ENTITY frac14 "¼" [¼] -- vulgar fraction one quarter= fraction one quarter, U+00BC ISOnum
ENTITY frac12 "½" [½] -- vulgar fraction one half= fraction one half, U+00BD ISOnum
ENTITY frac34 "¾" [¾] -- vulgar fraction three quarters= fraction three quarters, U+00BE ISOnum
ENTITY iquest "¿" [¿] -- inverted question mark= turned question mark, U+00BF ISOnum
ENTITY Agrave "À" [À] -- latin capital letter A with grave= latin capital letter A grave,U++00C0 ISOlat1
ENTITY Aacute "Á" [Á] -- latin capital letter A with acute,U++00C1 ISOlat1
ENTITY Acirc "Â" [Â] -- latin capital letter A with circumflex,U++00C2 ISOlat1
ENTITY Atilde "Ã" [Ã] -- latin capital letter A with tilde,U++00C3 ISOlat1
ENTITY Auml "Ä" [Ä] -- latin capital letter A with diaeresis,U++00C4 ISOlat1
ENTITY Aring "Å" [Å] -- latin capital letter A with ring above= latin capital letter A ring,U++00C5 ISOlat1
ENTITY AElig "Æ" [Æ] -- latin capital letter AE= latin capital ligature AE,U++00C6 ISOlat1
ENTITY Ccedil "Ç" [Ç] -- latin capital letter C with cedilla,U++00C7 ISOlat1
ENTITY Egrave "È" [È] -- latin capital letter E with grave,U++00C8 ISOlat1
ENTITY Eacute "É" [É] -- latin capital letter E with acute,U++00C9 ISOlat1
ENTITY Ecirc "Ê" [Ê] -- latin capital letter E with circumflex,U++00CA ISOlat1
ENTITY Euml "Ë" [Ë] -- latin capital letter E with diaeresis,U++00CB ISOlat1
ENTITY Igrave "Ì" [Ì] -- latin capital letter I with grave,U++00CC ISOlat1
ENTITY Iacute "Í" [Í] -- latin capital letter I with acute,U++00CD ISOlat1
ENTITY Icirc "Î" [Î] -- latin capital letter I with circumflex,U++00CE ISOlat1
ENTITY Iuml "Ï" [Ï] -- latin capital letter I with diaeresis,U++00CF ISOlat1
ENTITY ETH "Ð" [Ð] -- latin capital letter ETH, U+00D0 ISOlat1
ENTITY Ntilde "Ñ" [Ñ] -- latin capital letter N with tilde,U++00D1 ISOlat1
ENTITY Ograve "Ò" [Ò] -- latin capital letter O with grave,U++00D2 ISOlat1
ENTITY Oacute "Ó" [Ó] -- latin capital letter O with acute,U++00D3 ISOlat1
ENTITY Ocirc "Ô" [Ô] -- latin capital letter O with circumflex,U++00D4 ISOlat1
ENTITY Otilde "Õ" [Õ] -- latin capital letter O with tilde,U++00D5 ISOlat1
ENTITY Ouml "Ö" [Ö] -- latin capital letter O with diaeresis,U++00D6 ISOlat1
ENTITY times "×" [×] -- multiplication sign, U+00D7 ISOnum
ENTITY Oslash "Ø" [Ø] -- latin capital letter O with stroke= latin capital letter O slash,U++00D8 ISOlat1
ENTITY Ugrave "Ù" [Ù] -- latin capital letter U with grave,U++00D9 ISOlat1
ENTITY Uacute "Ú" [Ú] -- latin capital letter U with acute,U++00DA ISOlat1
ENTITY Ucirc "Û" [Û] -- latin capital letter U with circumflex,U++00DB ISOlat1
ENTITY Uuml "Ü" [Ü] -- latin capital letter U with diaeresis,U++00DC ISOlat1
ENTITY Yacute "Ý" [Ý] -- latin capital letter Y with acute,U++00DD ISOlat1
ENTITY THORN "Þ" [Þ] -- latin capital letter THORN,U++00DE ISOlat1
ENTITY szlig "ß" [ß] -- latin small letter sharp s = ess-zed,U++00DF ISOlat1
ENTITY agrave "à" [à] -- latin small letter a with grave= latin small letter a grave,U++00E0 ISOlat1
ENTITY aacute "á" [á] -- latin small letter a with acute,U++00E1 ISOlat1
ENTITY acirc "â" [â] -- latin small letter a with circumflex,U++00E2 ISOlat1
ENTITY atilde "ã" [ã] -- latin small letter a with tilde,U++00E3 ISOlat1
ENTITY auml "ä" [ä] -- latin small letter a with diaeresis,U++00E4 ISOlat1
ENTITY aring "å" [å] -- latin small letter a with ring above= latin small letter a ring,U++00E5 ISOlat1
ENTITY aelig "æ" [æ] -- latin small letter ae= latin small ligature ae, U+00E6 ISOlat1
ENTITY ccedil "ç" [ç] -- latin small letter c with cedilla,U++00E7 ISOlat1
ENTITY egrave "è" [è] -- latin small letter e with grave,U++00E8 ISOlat1
ENTITY eacute "é" [é] -- latin small letter e with acute,U++00E9 ISOlat1
ENTITY ecirc "ê" [ê] -- latin small letter e with circumflex,U++00EA ISOlat1
ENTITY euml "ë" [ë] -- latin small letter e with diaeresis,U++00EB ISOlat1
ENTITY igrave "ì" [ì] -- latin small letter i with grave,U++00EC ISOlat1
ENTITY iacute "í" [í] -- latin small letter i with acute,U++00ED ISOlat1
ENTITY icirc "î" [î] -- latin small letter i with circumflex,U++00EE ISOlat1
ENTITY iuml "ï" [ï] -- latin small letter i with diaeresis,U++00EF ISOlat1
ENTITY eth "ð" [ð] -- latin small letter eth, U+00F0 ISOlat1
ENTITY ntilde "ñ" [ñ] -- latin small letter n with tilde,U++00F1 ISOlat1
ENTITY ograve "ò" [ò] -- latin small letter o with grave,U++00F2 ISOlat1
ENTITY oacute "ó" [ó] -- latin small letter o with acute,U++00F3 ISOlat1
ENTITY ocirc "ô" [ô] -- latin small letter o with circumflex,U++00F4 ISOlat1
ENTITY otilde "õ" [õ] -- latin small letter o with tilde,U++00F5 ISOlat1
ENTITY ouml "ö" [ö] -- latin small letter o with diaeresis,U++00F6 ISOlat1
ENTITY divide "÷" [÷] -- division sign, U+00F7 ISOnum
ENTITY oslash "ø" [ø] -- latin small letter o with stroke,= latin small letter o slash,U++00F8 ISOlat1
ENTITY ugrave "ù" [ù] -- latin small letter u with grave,U++00F9 ISOlat1
ENTITY uacute "ú" [ú] -- latin small letter u with acute,U++00FA ISOlat1
ENTITY ucirc "û" [û] -- latin small letter u with circumflex,U++00FB ISOlat1
ENTITY uuml "ü" [ü] -- latin small letter u with diaeresis,U++00FC ISOlat1
ENTITY yacute "ý" [ý] -- latin small letter y with acute,U++00FD ISOlat1
ENTITY thorn "þ" [þ] -- latin small letter thorn,U++00FE ISOlat1
ENTITY yuml "ÿ" [ÿ] -- latin small letter y with diaeresis,U++00FF ISOlat1 -- Latin Extended-B
ENTITY fnof "ƒ" [ƒ] -- latin small f with hook = function = florin, U+0192 ISOtech
-- Greek
ENTITY Alpha "Α" [Α] -- greek capital letter alpha, U+0391
ENTITY Beta "Β" [Β] -- greek capital letter beta, U+0392
ENTITY Gamma "Γ" [Γ] -- greek capital letter gamma,U++0393 ISOgrk3
ENTITY Delta "Δ" [Δ] -- greek capital letter delta,U++0394 ISOgrk3
ENTITY Epsilon "Ε" [Ε] -- greek capital letter epsilon, U+0395
ENTITY Zeta "Ζ" [Ζ] -- greek capital letter zeta, U+0396
ENTITY Eta "Η" [Η] -- greek capital letter eta, U+0397
ENTITY Theta "Θ" [Θ] -- greek capital letter theta,U++0398 ISOgrk3
ENTITY Iota "Ι" [Ι] -- greek capital letter iota, U+0399
ENTITY Kappa "Κ" [Κ] -- greek capital letter kappa, U+039A
ENTITY Lambda "Λ" [Λ] -- greek capital letter lambda,U++039B ISOgrk3
ENTITY Mu "Μ" [Μ] -- greek capital letter mu, U+039C
ENTITY Nu "Ν" [Ν] -- greek capital letter nu, U+039D
ENTITY Xi "Ξ" [Ξ] -- greek capital letter xi, U+039E ISOgrk3
ENTITY Omicron "Ο" [Ο] -- greek capital letter omicron, U+039F
ENTITY Pi "Π" [Π] -- greek capital letter pi, U+03A0 ISOgrk3
ENTITY Rho "Ρ" [Ρ] -- greek capital letter rho, U+03A1
-- there is no Sigmaf, and no U+03A2 character either
ENTITY Sigma "Σ" [Σ] -- greek capital letter sigma,U++03A3 ISOgrk3
ENTITY Tau "Τ" [Τ] -- greek capital letter tau, U+03A4
ENTITY Upsilon "Υ" [Υ] -- greek capital letter upsilon,U++03A5 ISOgrk3
ENTITY Phi "Φ" [Φ] -- greek capital letter phi,U++03A6 ISOgrk3
ENTITY Chi "Χ" [Χ] -- greek capital letter chi, U+03A7
ENTITY Psi "Ψ" [Ψ] -- greek capital letter psi,U++03A8 ISOgrk3
ENTITY Omega "Ω" [Ω] -- greek capital letter omega,U++03A9 ISOgrk3
ENTITY alpha "α" [α] -- greek small letter alpha,U++03B1 ISOgrk3
ENTITY beta "β" [β] -- greek small letter beta, U+03B2 ISOgrk3
ENTITY gamma "γ" [γ] -- greek small letter gamma,U++03B3 ISOgrk3
ENTITY delta "δ" [δ] -- greek small letter delta,U++03B4 ISOgrk3
ENTITY epsilon "ε" [ε] -- greek small letter epsilon,U++03B5 ISOgrk3
ENTITY zeta "ζ" [ζ] -- greek small letter zeta, U+03B6 ISOgrk3
ENTITY eta "η" [η] -- greek small letter eta, U+03B7 ISOgrk3
ENTITY theta "θ" [θ] -- greek small letter theta,U++03B8 ISOgrk3
ENTITY iota "ι" [ι] -- greek small letter iota, U+03B9 ISOgrk3
ENTITY kappa "κ" [κ] -- greek small letter kappa,U++03BA ISOgrk3
ENTITY lambda "λ" [λ] -- greek small letter lambda,U++03BB ISOgrk3
ENTITY mu "μ" [μ] -- greek small letter mu, U+03BC ISOgrk3
ENTITY nu "ν" [ν] -- greek small letter nu, U+03BD ISOgrk3
ENTITY xi "ξ" [ξ] -- greek small letter xi, U+03BE ISOgrk3
ENTITY omicron "ο" [ο] -- greek small letter omicron, U+03BF NEW
ENTITY pi "π" [π] -- greek small letter pi, U+03C0 ISOgrk3
ENTITY rho "ρ" [ρ] -- greek small letter rho, U+03C1 ISOgrk3
ENTITY sigmaf "ς" [ς] -- greek small letter final sigma,U++03C2 ISOgrk3
ENTITY sigma "σ" [σ] -- greek small letter sigma,U++03C3 ISOgrk3
ENTITY tau "τ" [τ] -- greek small letter tau, U+03C4 ISOgrk3
ENTITY upsilon "υ" [υ] -- greek small letter upsilon,U++03C5 ISOgrk3
ENTITY phi "φ" [φ] -- greek small letter phi, U+03C6 ISOgrk3
ENTITY chi "χ" [χ] -- greek small letter chi, U+03C7 ISOgrk3
ENTITY psi "ψ" [ψ] -- greek small letter psi, U+03C8 ISOgrk3
ENTITY omega "ω" [ω] -- greek small letter omega,U++03C9 ISOgrk3
ENTITY thetasym "ϑ" [ϑ] -- greek small letter theta symbol,U++03D1 NEW
ENTITY upsih "ϒ" [ϒ] -- greek upsilon with hook symbol,U++03D2 NEW
ENTITY piv "ϖ" [ϖ] -- greek pi symbol, U+03D6 ISOgrk3
-- General Punctuation
ENTITY bull "•" [•] -- bullet = black small circle,U++2022 ISOpub
-- bullet is NOT the same as bullet operator, U+2219
ENTITY hellip "…" […] -- horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader,U++2026 ISOpub
ENTITY prime "′" [′] -- prime = minutes = feet, U+2032 ISOtech
ENTITY Prime "″" [″] -- double prime = seconds = inches,U++2033 ISOtech
ENTITY oline "‾" [‾] -- overline = spacing overscore,U++203E NEW
ENTITY frasl "⁄" [⁄] -- fraction slash, U+2044 NEW
-- Letterlike Symbols
ENTITY weierp "℘" [℘] -- script capital P = power set = Weierstrass p, U+2118 ISOamso
ENTITY image "ℑ" [ℑ] -- blackletter capital I = imaginary part,U++2111 ISOamso
ENTITY real "ℜ" [ℜ] -- blackletter capital R = real part symbol,U++211C ISOamso
ENTITY trade "™" [™] -- trade mark sign, U+2122 ISOnum
ENTITY alefsym "ℵ" [ℵ] -- alef symbol = first transfinite cardinal,U++2135 NEW
-- alef symbol is NOT the same as hebrew letter alef, U+05D0 although the same glyph could be used to depict both characters
-- Arrows
ENTITY larr "←" [←] -- leftwards arrow, U+2190 ISOnum
ENTITY uarr "↑" [↑] -- upwards arrow, U+2191 ISOnum
ENTITY rarr "→" [→] -- rightwards arrow, U+2192 ISOnum
ENTITY darr "↓" [↓] -- downwards arrow, U+2193 ISOnum
ENTITY harr "↔" [↔] -- left right arrow, U+2194 ISOamsa
ENTITY crarr "↵" [↵] -- downwards arrow with corner leftwards = carriage return, U+21B5 NEW
ENTITY lArr "⇐" [⇐] -- leftwards double arrow, U+21D0 ISOtech
-- ISO 10646 does not say that lArr is the same as the 'is implied by' arrow but also does not have any other character for that function. So ? lArr can be used for 'is implied by' as ISOtech suggests
ENTITY uArr "⇑" [⇑] -- upwards double arrow, U+21D1 ISOamsa
ENTITY rArr "⇒" [⇒] -- rightwards double arrow,U++21D2 ISOtech
-- ISO 10646 does not say this is the 'implies' character but does not have another character with this function so ? rArr can be used for 'implies' as ISOtech suggests
ENTITY dArr "⇓" [⇓] -- downwards double arrow, U+21D3 ISOamsa
ENTITY hArr "⇔" [⇔] -- left right double arrow,U++21D4 ISOamsa
-- Mathematical Operators
ENTITY forall "∀" [∀] -- for all, U+2200 ISOtech
ENTITY part "∂" [∂] -- partial differential, U+2202 ISOtech
ENTITY exist "∃" [∃] -- there exists, U+2203 ISOtech
ENTITY empty "∅" [∅] -- empty set = null set = diameter,U++2205 ISOamso
ENTITY nabla "∇" [∇] -- nabla = backward difference,U++2207 ISOtech
ENTITY isin "∈" [∈] -- element of, U+2208 ISOtech
ENTITY notin "∉" [∉] -- not an element of, U+2209 ISOtech
ENTITY ni "∋" [∋] -- contains as member, U+220B ISOtech
-- should there be a more memorable name than 'ni'?
ENTITY prod "∏" [∏] -- n-ary product = product sign,U++220F ISOamsb
-- prod is NOT the same character as U+03A0 'greek capital letter pi' though the same glyph might be used for both
ENTITY sum "∑" [∑] -- n-ary sumation, U+2211 ISOamsb
-- sum is NOT the same character as U+03A3 'greek capital letter sigma' though the same glyph might be used for both
ENTITY minus "−" [−] -- minus sign, U+2212 ISOtech
ENTITY lowast "∗" [∗] -- asterisk operator, U+2217 ISOtech
ENTITY radic "√" [√] -- square root = radical sign,U++221A ISOtech
ENTITY prop "∝" [∝] -- proportional to, U+221D ISOtech
ENTITY infin "∞" [∞] -- infinity, U+221E ISOtech
ENTITY ang "∠" [∠] -- angle, U+2220 ISOamso
ENTITY and "∧" [∧] -- logical and = wedge, U+2227 ISOtech
ENTITY or "∨" [∨] -- logical or = vee, U+2228 ISOtech
ENTITY cap "∩" [∩] -- intersection = cap, U+2229 ISOtech
ENTITY cup "∪" [∪] -- union = cup, U+222A ISOtech
ENTITY int "∫" [∫] -- integral, U+222B ISOtech
ENTITY there4 "∴" [∴] -- therefore, U+2234 ISOtech
ENTITY sim "∼" [∼] -- tilde operator = varies with = similar to,U++223C ISOtech
-- tilde operator is NOT the same character as the tilde, U+007E, although the same glyph might be used to represent both
ENTITY cong "≅" [≅] -- approximately equal to, U+2245 ISOtech
ENTITY asymp "≈" [≈] -- almost equal to = asymptotic to,U++2248 ISOamsr
ENTITY ne "≠" [≠] -- not equal to, U+2260 ISOtech
ENTITY equiv "≡" [≡] -- identical to, U+2261 ISOtech
ENTITY le "≤" [≤] -- less-than or equal to, U+2264 ISOtech
ENTITY ge "≥" [≥] -- greater-than or equal to,U++2265 ISOtech
ENTITY sub "⊂" [⊂] -- subset of, U+2282 ISOtech
ENTITY sup "⊃" [⊃] -- superset of, U+2283 ISOtech
-- note that nsup, 'not a superset of, U+2283' is not covered by the Symbol font encoding and is not included. Should it be, for symmetry? It is in ISOamsn
ENTITY nsub "⊄" [⊄] -- not a subset of, U+2284 ISOamsn
ENTITY sube "⊆" [⊆] -- subset of or equal to, U+2286 ISOtech
ENTITY supe "⊇" [⊇] -- superset of or equal to,U++2287 ISOtech
ENTITY oplus "⊕" [⊕] -- circled plus = direct sum,U++2295 ISOamsb
ENTITY otimes "⊗" [⊗] -- circled times = vector product,U++2297 ISOamsb
ENTITY perp "⊥" [⊥] -- up tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular,U++22A5 ISOtech
ENTITY sdot "⋅" [⋅] -- dot operator, U+22C5 ISOamsb
-- dot operator is NOT the same character as U+00B7 middle dot
-- Miscellaneous Technical
ENTITY lceil "⌈" [⌈] -- left ceiling = apl upstile,U++2308 ISOamsc
ENTITY rceil "⌉" [⌉] -- right ceiling, U+2309 ISOamsc
ENTITY lfloor "⌊" [⌊] -- left floor = apl downstile,U++230A ISOamsc
ENTITY rfloor "⌋" [⌋] -- right floor, U+230B ISOamsc
ENTITY lang "⟨" [〈] -- left-pointing angle bracket = bra,U++2329 ISOtech
-- lang is NOT the same character as U+003C 'less than' or U+2039 'single left-pointing angle quotation mark'
ENTITY rang "⟩" [〉] -- right-pointing angle bracket = ket,U++232A ISOtech
-- rang is NOT the same character as U+003E 'greater than' or U+203A 'single right-pointing angle quotation mark'
-- Geometric Shapes
ENTITY loz "◊" [◊] -- lozenge, U+25CA ISOpub
-- Miscellaneous Symbols
ENTITY spades "♠" [♠] -- black spade suit, U+2660 ISOpub
-- black here seems to mean filled as opposed to hollow
ENTITY clubs "♣" [♣] -- black club suit = shamrock,U++2663 ISOpub
ENTITY hearts "♥" [♥] -- black heart suit = valentine,U++2665 ISOpub
ENTITY diams "♦" [♦] -- black diamond suit, U+2666 ISOpub
-- C0 Controls and Basic Latin
ENTITY quot """ ["] -- quotation mark = APL quote,U++0022 ISOnum
ENTITY amp "&" [&] -- ampersand, U+0026 ISOnum
ENTITY lt "<" [<] -- less-than sign, U+003C ISOnum
ENTITY gt ">" [>] -- greater-than sign, U+003E ISOnum
-- Latin Extended-A
ENTITY OElig "?" [Œ] -- latin capital ligature OE,U++0152 ISOlat2
ENTITY oelig "?" [œ] -- latin small ligature oe, U+0153 ISOlat2
-- ligature is a misnomer, this is a separate character in some languages
ENTITY Scaron "?" [Š] -- latin capital letter S with caron,U++0160 ISOlat2
ENTITY scaron "?" [š] -- latin small letter s with caron,U++0161 ISOlat2
ENTITY Yuml "?" [Ÿ] -- latin capital letter Y with diaeresis,U++0178 ISOlat2
-- Spacing Modifier Letters
ENTITY circ "?" [ˆ] -- modifier letter circumflex accent,U++02C6 ISOpub
ENTITY tilde "?" [˜] -- small tilde, U+02DC ISOdia
-- General Punctuation
ENTITY ensp " " [ ] -- en space, U+2002 ISOpub
ENTITY emsp " " [ ] -- em space, U+2003 ISOpub
ENTITY thinsp " " [ ] -- thin space, U+2009 ISOpub
ENTITY zwnj "‌" [‌] -- zero width non-joiner,U++200C NEW RFC 2070
ENTITY zwj "‍" [‍] -- zero width joiner, U+200D NEW RFC 2070
ENTITY lrm "‎" [‎] -- left-to-right mark, U+200E NEW RFC 2070
ENTITY rlm "‏" [‏] -- right-to-left mark, U+200F NEW RFC 2070
ENTITY ndash "–" [–] -- en dash, U+2013 ISOpub
ENTITY mdash "—" [—] -- em dash, U+2014 ISOpub
ENTITY lsquo "‘" [‘] -- left single quotation mark,U++2018 ISOnum
ENTITY rsquo "’" [’] -- right single quotation mark,U++2019 ISOnum
ENTITY sbquo "‚" [‚] -- single low-9 quotation mark, U+201A NEW
ENTITY ldquo "“" [“] -- left double quotation mark,U++201C ISOnum
ENTITY rdquo "”" [”] -- right double quotation mark,U++201D ISOnum
ENTITY bdquo "„" [„] -- double low-9 quotation mark, U+201E NEW
ENTITY dagger "†" [†] -- dagger, U+2020 ISOpub
ENTITY Dagger "‡" [‡] -- double dagger, U+2021 ISOpub
ENTITY permil "‰" [‰] -- per mille sign, U+2030 ISOtech
ENTITY lsaquo "‹" [‹] -- single left-pointing angle quotation mark,U++2039 ISO proposed
-- lsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardized
ENTITY rsaquo "›" [›] -- single right-pointing angle quotation mark,U++203A ISO proposed
-- rsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardized
ENTITY euro "€" [€] -- euro sign, U+20AC NEW

(作者：玛瑙河。尊重他人劳动成果，转载请注明作者或出处)

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MrBayes v3.2 for windows 并行版下载及 checkpoint 功能介绍

2010-06-23T02:02:00Z

(作者：玛瑙河，转载请注明作者或出处，)　

　　更新记录:

　　2010.06.23 svn r80

　　2010.06.13 svn r78

　　2010.06.01 svn r76

MrBayes 3.2版中加入了checkpoint功能，即可以保存检查点，在由于意外事件重启后仍可以从检查点处继续运行，以免白费功夫。

另外MrBays也支持并行计算，可以充分利用多核计算机乃至网络集群的计算能力，大大缩短计算时间。并行版的效率相当不错。在我的双核(T7400)笔记本上，运行MrBayes examples目录中的脚本model_test.nex，并行版耗时13分半钟，非并行版耗时21分半钟；与非并行版相比，并行版效率提高了37%。在4核羿龙940上，运行时间比非并行版约缩短了2/3 。

本人编译了 MrBayes v3.2 32位并行版及单机版(下载)供大家使用，下面是安装及使用方法：

1. 以系统管理员身份安装MPICH2运行时。

　　并行版的MrBayes需要MPICH2运行时的支持。如果系统中已经安装了老于1.2.1p1版本的MPICH2，请将其卸除。(如果您安装了POY，请到POY安装目录下执行uninstall_mpi.bat) 。并行版的 MrBayes依赖于1.2.1p1版的MPICH2运行时，MPICH2运行时官网下载地址为：
http://www.mcs.anl.gov/research/projects/mpich2/downloads/tarballs/1.2.1p1/mpich2-1.2.1p1-win-ia32.msi

　　下载后以系统管理员身份将其安装到某个目录，默认将安装到 C:\Program Files\MPICH2\, 你也可以安装到别的地方，如 C:\mpich2\。注意以系统管理员身份安装很重要，否则安装后不能正常使用。安装过程中会要求设置一个密码，请记住该密码，在以后会用得上(如果在集群上配置MPICH2，则在每台机器上都应用相同的密码安装）。当需要您选择为哪个用户安装时，最好选择“for Everyone"。如果安装成功，系统服务中会增加一个“MPICHE Process Manager”的服务。安装过程及以后运行mb的过程中如遇到防火墙警告，请选择同意。并行版的mrbayes需要通过网络端口实现进程通讯，如果被防火墙阻断则将不能正常运行。在vista/win7下如果遇到安装后不能正常运行并行版的MrBayes的问题，说明MPICH2没能正常安装，可以以管理员身份打开一个命令行窗口，在命令行中运行 mpich2-1.2.1p1-win-ia32.msi ，应当可以解决问题。

2.下载本人编译的MrBayes 3.2 并行版 (本人将根据源码库更新情况随时更新）

下载地址： http://files.cnblogs.com/agateriver/mrbayes_3.2_for_Windows_%E5%B9%B6%E8%A1%8C%E7%89%88.7z

　　将其中的并行版解压到某个目录，比如C:\mrbayes_3.2\。(解压时请使用支持7zip压缩格式的解压缩软件如7-Zip/winrar等)

3. 运行并行版的mb

　　下面只讲如何在多核的单机上运行。

　　打开命令行窗口。假设你的CPU有4个核，工作目录在c:\workdir，则根据下述情况输入相应的命令运行并行版的mb（其间如果需要账户名和密码，请输入您当前登录的账户名和密码，注意此密码与前面安装MPICH2时输入的密码不是一回事）：

a. 交互式运行

1 cd c:\workdir
2 "C:\Program Files\MPICH2\bin\mpiexec" -n 4 C:\mrbayes_3.2\mb.exe

b. 运行脚本

　　如果用mb直接执行一个MrBayes脚本(假设这个脚本就是c:\workdir\demo.nex)，则用如下命令：

1 cd c:\workdir
2 "C:\Program Files\MPICH2\bin\mpiexec" -n 4 C:\mrbayes_3.2\mb.exe demo.nex

4. 如果您想多机并行 MrBayes ，请网上搜索 MPICH2 windows 版的相关使用教程。

关于3.2版的checkpoint功能

　　MrBayes通过mcmc命令中的三个参数checkpoint、checkfreq、append来控制检查点的保存。具体大家可以在MrBayes中输入"help mcmc"命令然后查看"checkpoint"和"checkfreq"等节的说明：

Checkpoint -- 如果这个参数被设为 Yes（默认为Yes)，则每隔Checkfreq参数所指定的代数，所有链的当前参数值都会被输出到检查点文件保存。检查点文件名形如 .ckp，当你重启分析时，分析过程可以从这个文件最后所记录的检查点的状态开始，而不必从头开始进行。这个功能的好处有二：第一就是延长分析过程，比如在设定的代数跑完以后你发现代数还不足够，需要继续；第二就是避免因硬件故障或其它不可控原因宕机而导致的风险，试想你运行了一个月，眼看就要出结果了，却碰上断电事故（很不幸笔者前不久就碰上了)，如果没有检查点功能，恐怕眼睛都得急的蹦出来。

Checkfreq -- 保存检查点的频率，就是每隔多少代保存一次，默认100000。

Append -- 是否从最后保存检查点继续运行分析。

下面是一个Mrbayes脚本:

1 begin mrbayes;
2 exec example.nex;
3 lset nst=6 rates=invgamma;
4 mcmc ngen=20000000 stoprule=yes stopval=0.01 checkpoint=yes checkfreq=50000;
5 sump relburnin=yes burninfrac=0.25;
6 sumt relburnin=yes burninfrac=0.25;
7 end;

假设你有一个很大的数据集example.nex，并且运行这个脚本已经几个星期了，但是突然被某个毛头师兄弟碰掉了电源插头，这时你可以假装懊恼一下，好让那个毛头师兄稍微有点内疚感，:)。重新开机后，像下面一样将脚本的第四行末尾加上append=yes，然后重新运行，MrBayes就会从最后的检查点处继续运行你的分析了。

1 begin mrbayes;

2 exec example.nex;
3 lset nst=6 rates=invgamma;
4 mcmc ngen=20000000 stoprule=yes stopval=0.01 checkpoint=yes checkfreq=50000 append=yes;
5 sump relburnin=yes burninfrac=0.25;
6 sumt relburnin=yes burninfrac=0.25;
7 end;

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强制垃圾回收解决.NET Office互操作中文件锁未能释放的问题

2010-06-13T03:24:00Z

(作者：玛瑙河，转载请注明作者或出处，)　

问题情形：

通过Interop创建一个Access数据库并关闭该数据库和Access，然后打开新创建的数据库文件进行某些操作，但是发现无法打开第一步生成的文件，原因是文件锁没有释放。

解决方案：

在进行第二步操作前，强制垃圾收集，释放第一步过程中创建的COM对象。

1 {
2
3  ...//block A 创建一个数据库db
4
5 }
6
7 access.Quit() //关闭access
8
9 System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(db)
10 System.GC.Collect();
11 System.GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
12
13 {
14
15  ...//block B, 打开block A中创建的数据库文件
16
17 }
18

如果没有9-11行的强制垃圾回收，那么在block B中打开block A中创建的数据库文件时，就会发生无法获得文件锁的情况，说明调用access.Quit并不能立即释放文件锁。

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童言无忌之小瑈与甲虫

2010-06-09T12:54:00Z

(作者：玛瑙河，此文禁止转载，)　

爸爸、妈妈和三岁半的小瑈走在路上。小瑈看到一只甲虫，抬脚要踩。爸爸说，别踩啊，应当爱护小动物才对，如果把它踩死了，甲虫妈妈多伤心啦！小瑈不踩了，接着问爸爸妈妈，它妈妈在哪儿呢？爸爸妈妈是学昆虫的，心想这种小甲虫是一年生的，它妈妈早死了。于是妈妈告诉小瑈说，它妈妈死了。小瑈继续问，甲虫的妈妈怎么死的？妈妈说，它妈妈辛苦一辈子，累死的！小瑈听罢不假思索就说了一句让爸爸很郁闷的话：那我以后再也不让妈妈喂饭了，我让爸爸喂！

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MrBayes v3.1.2 for windows 并行版下载

2010-06-04T04:11:00Z

继MrBayes V3.2 svn 并行版后，继续提供MrBayes v3.1.2的并行版：

http://files.cnblogs.com/agateriver/MrBayes_3.1.2_for_Windows_并行版.7z

并行版的安装与使用说明见压缩包的文件。

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修改 MrBayes 3.2 源码解决不能恢复断点的问题

2010-05-31T09:02:00Z

当数据量较大时，用MrBayes进行计算通常是旷日持久的事情，几天甚至几个月。中间如果断电死机什么的发生就很令人发狂了。于是 MrBayes 3.2 svn 版增加了一个断点保存的功能，死机后可以从保存的断点处继续计算。只要在mcmc命令中加入checkfreq=n (n为保存断点间隔的代数）参数即可保存断点；下次从断点继续运算时，在mcmc 命令中加入append=yes参数即可.

碰巧的是，前些天不知道谁把我用来计算的那台服务器的电源碰掉了，我那已经算了20多天的任务啊.....! 　想砍人之余又庆幸事前曾经设置了断点保存。可是当我在mcmc 命令中加入append=yes参数以恢复运算时，不幸的事还是发生了，MrBayes报错并停止：A maximum of 2000 characters is allowed on a single line, The longest line of the file xxx contains at least one line with 58000 characters. 当时就有欲哭无泪的感觉啊。稍稍平复一下心情，决定还是从程序的源代码查起吧，希望不是一个与算法有关的大bug(小修小改能搞定，跟算法有关的话短时间就没办法搞了)！拿出错消息grep一下所有的源文件，发现问题在这里：

trunk/src/command.c-3211-    /* find length of longest line */
trunk/src/command.c-3212-    longestLineLength = LongestLine (fp);
trunk/src/command.c-3213-    MrBayesPrint ("%s   Longest line length = %d\n", spacer, longestLineLength);
trunk/src/command.c-3214-    longestLineLength += 50;
trunk/src/command.c-3215-
trunk/src/command.c:3216:    /* check that longest line is not longer than CMD_STRING_LENGTH */
trunk/src/command.c:3217:    if (longestLineLength >= CMD_STRING_LENGTH - 100)
trunk/src/command.c-3218-        {
trunk/src/command.c:3219:        MrBayesPrint ("%s   A maximum of %d characters is allowed on a single line\n", spacer, CMD_STRING_LENGTH - 100);
trunk/src/command.c-3220-        MrBayesPrint ("%s   in a file. The longest line of the file %s\n", spacer, inputFileName);
trunk/src/command.c-3221-        MrBayesPrint ("%s   contains at least one line with %d characters.\n", spacer, longestLineLength);
trunk/src/command.c-3222-        nErrors++;
trunk/src/command.c-3223-        }
trunk/src/command.c-3224-#    if defined (MPI_ENABLED)

原来最长行的字符数被 CMD_STRING_LENGTH 所限制。grep搜CMD_STRING_LENGTH，在mb.h中找到：

trunk/src/mb.h-250-#define OMEGA_MAX 1000000.0f
trunk/src/mb.h-251-
trunk/src/mb.h-252-#define POS_INFINITY 1E25f;
trunk/src/mb.h-253-#define NEG_INFINITY -1000000.0f
trunk/src/mb.h-254-
trunk/src/mb.h:255:#define CMD_STRING_LENGTH 200000
trunk/src/mb.h-256-

　　原来 CMD_STRING_LENGTH 被限制到了20000，该值已经大大不能符合我的数据要求了。于是操刀将其放大10倍，改为200000。重新编译MrBayes, 再次从断点处回复执行, OK，熟悉的计算过程又回来了。20多天的计算总算没白费。

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