博客园_程序人生http://feed.cnblogs.com/blog/u/9376/rss2010-08-13T10:40:52Zcaidehuihttp://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/CNBlogs BlogServerhttp://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/archive/2010/08/13/1799259.html软件开发的特点总结之二-----软件产品我们天天在开发软件产品，有必要思考一下软件产品的特点，我大致查阅了有关材料，做点总结： 知识密集 创造性 虚拟性（不可见性） 实现不具有唯一性 复杂 高附加值 逻辑性强（*） 由于软件所具有的这5个特性，导致了软件开发工作的复杂性。软件开发知识密集，意味着我们需要高智商的群体来完成，具有创造性也对人提出了很高的要求。虚拟的，看不见，就验不着，验不着的事就会有点悬，因此软件开发就必须千...2010-08-13T10:38:00Z2010-08-13T10:38:00Zcaidehuihttp://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/<p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong> <p>我们天天在开发软件产品，有必要思考一下软件产品的特点，我大致查阅了有关材料，做点总结： <ol> <li> <p>知识密集</p> <li> <p>创造性</p> <li> <p>虚拟性（不可见性）</p> <li> <p>实现不具有唯一性</p> <li> <p>复杂</p> <li> <p>高附加值</p> <li> <p>逻辑性强（*）</p></li></ol> <p>由于软件所具有的这5个特性，导致了软件开发工作的复杂性。软件开发知识密集，意味着我们需要高智商的群体来完成，具有创造性也对人提出了很高的要求。虚拟的，看不见，就验不着，验不着的事就会有点悬，因此软件开发就必须千方百计的要让它看得见，文档、模型都是在设计阶段的要求。 <p>看不见的问题，也导致客户在表述有关需求的难度，这个难度也正好是软件开发最不好解决的问题之一。 <p>实现不具有唯一性，这个就麻烦了，每个人都可以有自己的做法，都能实现软件产品外部看起来的行为，但是里面怎么样，只有专业人士可以明白，这也导致了很多投机取巧的行为出现。 <p>复杂，这个Dijistra在几十年做过一个总结，大意是说只有软件系统从底层到顶层的复杂性为9级。 <p>高附加值，这个不知道是好是坏，好在于这个特性说明了软件的重要性，坏，也就说明了一旦出事的严重性。一旦软件投入使用，可能影响到一个企业的各个方面。 <p>总的来说，软件产品是纯脑力劳动的结果，它不同于我们以往的产品。我们不能要求梵高一定要每天画出一副画，但社会确要求我们的工程师按照这个速度生产软件。 <p>我们是脑力劳动者，却被像工人一样要求，我们是知识工人。</strong></p></p><img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/aggbug/1799259.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/archive/2010/08/13/1799259.html" target="_blank">本文链接</a></p>http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/archive/2010/08/13/1799261.html软件开发的特点总结之三---软件开发过程为了开发具有下列特征的软件，我们必须要重新审视我们的过程： 知识密集 创造性 虚拟性（不可见性） 实现不具有唯一性 复杂 高附加值 软件开发过程的一些现实： 周期短 成果不可见性 对技术的要求高 技术更新快 风险大 软件开发过程必须要做到： 价值驱动 架构驱动 管理、控制与适应需求的变化 适应软件开发人员 让成果可见 效率高 高质量 降低风险 与过程有关的一些...2010-08-13T10:38:00Z2010-08-13T10:38:00Zcaidehuihttp://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/<p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong> <p>为了开发具有下列特征的软件，我们必须要重新审视我们的过程： <ol> <li> <p>知识密集</p> <li> <p>创造性</p> <li> <p>虚拟性（不可见性）</p> <li> <p>实现不具有唯一性</p> <li> <p>复杂</p> <li> <p>高附加值</p></li></ol> <p>软件开发过程的一些现实： <ol> <li> <p>周期短</p> <li> <p>成果不可见性</p> <li> <p>对技术的要求高</p> <li> <p>技术更新快</p> <li> <p>风险大</p></li></ol> <p>软件开发过程必须要做到： <ol> <li> <p>价值驱动</p> <li> <p>架构驱动</p> <li> <p>管理、控制与适应需求的变化</p> <li> <p>适应软件开发人员</p> <li> <p>让成果可见</p> <li> <p>效率高</p> <li> <p>高质量</p> <li> <p>降低风险</p></li></ol> <p>与过程有关的一些最佳实践： <ol> <li> <p>迭代，迭代周期控制在2-6周的范围内。迭代以软件产品构建为中心，每次迭代确定一个关键的主题，完成一个有价值的工作。软件产品构建需要首先确定好软件产品的基础，那就是客户的需求与技术的架构，然后再架构基础上进行分阶段的逐步开发。</p> <li> <p>价值驱动</p> <li> <p>风险驱动</p></li></ol></strong></p><img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/aggbug/1799261.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/archive/2010/08/13/1799261.html" target="_blank">本文链接</a></p>http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/archive/2010/08/13/1799258.html软件开发的特点总结之一------人要想持续成功交付软件系统，首先要研究好做软件的人，他们的特点，他们的需要，如何领导他们持续走向成功。一般软件开发都采用项目式的方法，因此我需要讨论人的两个层次，一个是作为个体的人，也就是你、我这些工程师们；二是作为团队一员，你我的表现。 简单一点，不做展开: 工程师们的特点：（尽量客观） 知识丰富 高智商 爱好学习与钻研 自尊心强 过高估计自己，个人英雄主义 收入水平相对较高 责任心强 ...2010-08-13T10:37:00Z2010-08-13T10:37:00Zcaidehuihttp://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/<p>要想持续成功交付软件系统，首先要研究好做软件的人，他们的特点，他们的需要，如何领导他们持续走向成功。一般软件开发都采用项目式的方法，因此我需要讨论人的两个层次，一个是作为个体的人，也就是你、我这些工程师们；二是作为团队一员，你我的表现。 <p>简单一点，不做展开: <p>工程师们的特点：（尽量客观） <ol> <li>知识丰富 <li>高智商 <li> <p>爱好学习与钻研</p> <li> <p>自尊心强</p> <li> <p>过高估计自己，个人英雄主义</p> <li> <p>收入水平相对较高</p> <li> <p>责任心强</p> <li> <p>不喜欢被束缚</p> <li> <p>沟通与表达能力弱</p> <li> <p>缺乏纪律性</p> <li> <p>你的和我的，分的太细</p> <li> <p>诚实</p> <li> <p>具有创造性</p> <li> <p>年轻</p> <li> <p>固执</p> <li> <p>专注</p></li></ol> <p>上面罗列的特点，来自于这段时间的收集与整体。如果大家有好的资料来源，也请提供给我。 <p>汇总起来一句话，就是我们其实是知识分子群体的一员。也就是德鲁克所定义的知识工作者。对于知识分子进行管理与领导的总结如下： <ol> <li> <p>尊重</p> <li> <p>清晰的目标</p> <li> <p>目标驱动</p> <li> <p>以事实为基础，避免人身攻击</p> <li> <p>沟通</p> <li> <p>工作分解与审查</p> <li> <p>让人们参与决策</p> <li> <p>人员搭配与团队模型</p> <li> <p>众效责任</p> <li> <p>问题员工的管理</p> <li> <p>授权</p> <li> <p>营造宽松的环境</p> <li> <p>去除坏分子</p></li></ol> <p>如何对我们进行激励： <ol> <li> <p>成就</p> <li> <p>学习与研究的机会</p> <li> <p>参与决策</p> <li> <p>宽松的环境</p> <li> <p>能够获得晋升的机会</p> <li> <p>信任</p> <li> <p>金钱</p></li></ol> <p>应该要注意什么： <ol> <li> <p>避免钻牛角尖</p> <li> <p>政治</p> <li> <p>人身攻击</p> <li> <p>性格不合</p></li></ol> <p>对于在团队中，工程师们的行为、领导与管理、激励等有待进一步研究</p> <img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/aggbug/1799258.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/archive/2010/08/13/1799258.html" target="_blank">本文链接</a></p>http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/archive/2010/08/13/1799257.html软件开发的主要要素为了有效开发软件，我们必须对其要素进行充分认识，软件开发的要素主要为： 软件开发的要素 产品： 目的、目标、需求与需求管理、配置管理、验证 人与团队 团队构成、领导、激励 过程 方法论、过程、工作方法；可视化建模、迭代、阶段控制 技术 技术选择与技术路线、架构、框架、技术攻关 管理 计划、组织、领导、控制。风险、变更控制、质量控制 只有有效的管理这五个要素，才能持续不断的成功交付软件。2010-08-13T10:35:00Z2010-08-13T10:35:00Zcaidehuihttp://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/<p>为了有效开发软件，我们必须对其要素进行充分认识，软件开发的要素主要为： <p>软件开发的要素 <ol> <li> <p>产品： <p>目的、目标、需求与需求管理、配置管理、验证</p> <li> <p>人与团队 <p>团队构成、领导、激励</p> <li> <p>过程 <p>方法论、过程、工作方法；可视化建模、迭代、阶段控制</p> <li> <p>技术 <p>技术选择与技术路线、架构、框架、技术攻关</p> <li> <p>管理 <p>计划、组织、领导、控制。风险、变更控制、质量控制</p></li></ol> <p>只有有效的管理这五个要素，才能持续不断的成功交付软件。</p><img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/aggbug/1799257.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/archive/2010/08/13/1799257.html" target="_blank">本文链接</a></p>http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/archive/2010/06/02/1750209.html一个典型的软件项目的WBS评析下面是网上流传甚广的一个软件项目的WBS。我相信很多人都使用过自己创建过类似的WBS。 正是由于我们的先辈，先辈的先辈用类似的方法来创建WBS，耳濡目染之下，我们也养成了同样的习惯。 这是一个典型的有问题的WBS。 首先从客户的角度来说，从第一层分解要素来看我们无法看到我们到底要交付给客户什么？你告诉客户，我要交付给你一个系统设计，客户还不得跳楼。因为客户要的是OA系统、财务系统、邮件系统，机房...2010-06-02T10:01:00Z2010-06-02T10:01:00Zcaidehuihttp://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/<p>下面是网上流传甚广的一个软件项目的WBS。我相信很多人都使用过自己创建过类似的WBS。</p> <p><a href="http://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/caidehui/WindowsLiveWriter/WBS_F9F0/image_2.png" rel="WLPP"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="image" border="0" alt="image" src="http://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/caidehui/WindowsLiveWriter/WBS_F9F0/image_thumb.png" width="836" height="240"></a></p> <p>正是由于我们的先辈，先辈的先辈用类似的方法来创建WBS，耳濡目染之下，我们也养成了同样的习惯。</p> <p>这是一个典型的有问题的WBS。</p> <p>首先从客户的角度来说，从第一层分解要素来看我们无法看到我们到底要交付给客户什么？你告诉客户，我要交付给你一个系统设计，客户还不得跳楼。因为客户要的是OA系统、财务系统、邮件系统，机房、设备、系统软件。</p> <p>从实施的角度来看，我们大有可能购买现成的邮件系统，或者将邮件系统外包给一家公司，先在我们简单看看，如果我们外包邮件系统，这个WBS是不是就很不方便了。</p> <p>第三个，我们是可交付成果导向，请问项目启动会交付什么呢？</p> <p>这个典型，或者与此类似的WBS还得我们好惨，也导致我们只能管理比较小的项目，对于大项目就束手无策，因为WBS一开始就有错，后面岂不越管越乱。我来对这个WBS做个调整，看是不是好一点。</p> <p><a href="http://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/caidehui/WindowsLiveWriter/WBS_F9F0/image_4.png" rel="WLPP"><img style="border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px" title="image" border="0" alt="image" src="http://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/caidehui/WindowsLiveWriter/WBS_F9F0/image_thumb_1.png" width="919" height="263"></a> </p> <p>这不是一个完美的WBS，因为我所获得信息只有上面那个WBS那么多，但这是一个非常好的开始，有利于项目管理团队不断的去讨论，包括与客户讨论，从而不断调整。</p> <p>从该WBS我们能够很清楚的看到，我们需要交付的产品与服务。</p> <p>我这里假设财务系统将采购，邮件系统将采购后进行二次开发，OA系统全部二次开发。其中有些环节我已经分到了活动级别，有的还在WBS的工作包级别。如果我们的项目以此为基础进行，那么我们就可以进行后续的进度、职责分配等工作。</p> <img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/aggbug/1750209.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/archive/2010/06/02/1750209.html" target="_blank">本文链接</a></p>http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/archive/2010/06/02/1749755.html为什么我们的WBS元素多是活动这个问题思考了一段时间，得到的结论非常可笑。那就是在以前所有的WBS参考书，由于篇幅所限，都是用非常简单的。这些简单的项目，能够非常快的看清楚可交付成果和活动，因此也就一次全部做完了。我们来做一个对比，车库项目，基于可交付成果的方式如下： 基于活动的方式如下： 前者强调的是我们要做什么，后者强调是做。我们知道要完成一件事情，有很多方法，有的时候我们很快就能想到一个方法，所以着急写上去。这是正常的思...2010-06-02T02:11:00Z2010-06-02T02:11:00Zcaidehuihttp://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/<p>这个问题思考了一段时间，得到的结论非常可笑。那就是在以前所有的WBS参考书，由于篇幅所限，都是用非常简单的。这些简单的项目，能够非常快的看清楚可交付成果和活动，因此也就一次全部做完了。</p>
<p>我们来做一个对比，车库项目，基于可交付成果的方式如下：</p>
<p><a href="http://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/caidehui/WindowsLiveWriter/WBS_8CDF/image_2.png" target="_blank"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="image" border="0" alt="image" src="http://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/caidehui/WindowsLiveWriter/WBS_8CDF/image_thumb.png" width="428" height="190" /></a> </p>
<p>基于活动的方式如下：</p>
<p><a href="http://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/caidehui/WindowsLiveWriter/WBS_8CDF/image_6.png" target="_blank"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="image" border="0" alt="image" src="http://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/caidehui/WindowsLiveWriter/WBS_8CDF/image_thumb_2.png" width="645" height="210" /></a> </p>
<p>前者强调的是我们要做什么，后者强调是做。我们知道要完成一件事情，有很多方法，有的时候我们很快就能想到一个方法，所以着急写上去。这是正常的思维逻辑，但是对于复杂事物的把我，要遵循分与合的原则。</p>
<p>WBS在项目管理中，主要的作用是保证项目做的是正确的事情。至于如何把事情做正确，更多的在活动定义的时候来解决。</p>
<p>在前面的WBS确定我们要交付车道，我们既可以自己来完成，也可以分包给专门修路的公司。如果是前者，也许你用修建车道这个做法是比较合适，如果是后者，你只要提出对车道修建到什么水平、预算、时间要求等就可以了，其余的都交给外包公司了。</p>
<p>我们来看看WBS的另外一个作用，就是用在核实范围上，也就是验收。如果你是客户，你和供应商的PM去验收，人家跟你说，我现在验收“修建车道”，我晕。</p>
<p>我们再来看看管理的场合。PM跟自己的经理的两种报告：</p>
<blockquote style='border:2px solid #EFEFEF;color:#333333;padding:5px 10px;'>
<p>A:老板，车道我们建完了；老板，车道要花1万块；老板，车道要用12天。</p>
<p>B:老板，修建车道我们干完了；老板，修建车道花了1万块；老板，修建车道要用12天。</p></blockquote>
<p>由于客户一般情况下不关心我们如何去做，或者说客户先关心我们要做什么，然后才会关心我们打算怎么去做，而客户是我们的衣食父母，所以要尽量使用客户能够听得懂的方法。</p>
<p>下面我将车道部分做进一步的分解</p>
<p>基于可交付成果的进一步分解，最底层为活动</p>
<p><a href="http://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/caidehui/WindowsLiveWriter/WBS_8CDF/image_10.png" target="_blank"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="image" border="0" alt="image" src="http://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/caidehui/WindowsLiveWriter/WBS_8CDF/image_thumb_4.png" width="858" height="416" /></a> </p>
<p>基于活动的进一步分解</p>
<p><a href="http://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/caidehui/WindowsLiveWriter/WBS_8CDF/image_12.png" target="_blank"><img style="border-right-width: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px" title="image" border="0" alt="image" src="http://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/caidehui/WindowsLiveWriter/WBS_8CDF/image_thumb_5.png" width="917" height="363" /></a> </p>
<p>从上面的分解来看，使用基于可交付成果的分解方式，更利于下层的进一步分解。</p>
<p><strong>总结：</strong></p>
<blockquote style='border:2px solid #EFEFEF;color:#333333;padding:5px 10px;'>
<p>WBS分解时，其元素应该坚持使用可交付成果。也就是名词的形式来进行分解。而不是使用基于活动的方式。</p></blockquote><img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/aggbug/1749755.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/archive/2010/06/02/1749755.html" target="_blank">本文链接</a></p>http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/archive/2010/05/28/1746396.html关于好的WBSWBS是项目管理的核心元素，代表了项目要完成的工作。我们可以这么简单的看待有关项目的层次关系： 1.项目的目的。 2.项目要达到的目标。 3.为了达到目的与目标，我们应该做些什么。（工作） 4.我们应该什么时候做，要达到什么样的标准（做到什么程度），要花多少钱。 5.由谁去做？ 6.我们应该如何去做？ 7.会有什么风险与问题？应该如何应对？ 以上是项目计划的制定过程，从第3步开始，我们就是以一个东...2010-05-28T07:55:00Z2010-05-28T07:55:00Zcaidehuihttp://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/<meta content="text/html; charset=gb2312" http-equiv="Content-Type" /><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document" /><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 14" /><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 14" /><style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:宋体;
panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;
mso-font-alt:simsun;
mso-font-charset:134;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 680460288 22 0 262145 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:宋体;
panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;
mso-font-alt:simsun;
mso-font-charset:134;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 680460288 22 0 262145 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:swiss;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:verdana;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:swiss;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-1593833729 1073750107 16 0 415 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"\@宋体";
panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;
mso-font-charset:134;
mso-generic-font-family:auto;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 680460288 22 0 262145 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.msonormal, li.msonormal, div.msonormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;
text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-pagination:none;
font-size:10.5pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;}
span.grame
{mso-style-name:"";
mso-gram-e:yes;}
.msochpdefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
font-size:10.0pt;
mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:calibri;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-font-kerning:0pt;}
/* Page Definitions */
@page
{mso-page-border-surround-header:no;
mso-page-border-surround-footer:no;}
@page wordsection1
{size:595.3pt 841.9pt;
margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;
mso-header-margin:42.55pt;
mso-footer-margin:49.6pt;
mso-paper-source:0;
layout-grid:15.6pt;}
div.wordsection1
{page:wordsection1;}
--></style> <div style="layout-grid: 15.6pt none" > <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">WBS</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">是项目管理的核心元素，代表了项目要完成的工作。我们可以这么简单的看待有关项目的层次关系：</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">1.</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">项目的目的。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">2.</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">项目要达到的目标。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">3.</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">为了达到目的与目标，我们应该做些什么。（工作）</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">4.</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">我们应该什么时候做，要达到什么样的标准（做到什么程度），要花多少钱。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">5.</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">由谁去做？</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">6.</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">我们应该如何去做？</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">7.</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">会有什么风险与问题？应该如何应对？</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">以上是项目计划的制定过程，从第</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">步开始，我们就是以一个东西为核心，进行后续的部分。这就是</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">WBS</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">，后面所讨论的要素，都是在此基础上进行的。如果</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">WBS</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">做不好，一切就失去基础。所以说任何项目的项目管理，都必须以此为基础进行。如果我们还有人怀疑这个，那他就不再合适做项目管理了。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 21pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">可是，我遍查了现在我能够获取到的资料，对如何做</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">WBS</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">都语焉不详，很少给出可以直接应用的方法。而项目经理们使用他们自己认为一贯的办法来构建</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">WBS</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">，那就是</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">Activity</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">导向，想到的是如何做项目，而不是先确定要做什么。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">从</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">PMBok</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的要求上来说，</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">WBS</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">是</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">Deliverable</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">导向的工作分解，而不是</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">Activity</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">导向的分解。那应该如何理解。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"> Deliverable</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">导向，就是成果导向。我们孙老大就是成果导向，过程驱动的思维，也就是既要作对，又要效率高，持续的作对。那么项目管理也要秉承这个理念。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">成果，那就是首先要考虑，你将要向客户交什么，而不是你要做什么。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">举个例子：我们要交付详细设计书、合格的程序、测试报告。这是客户要求的东西，那么我们的项目就要以这些东西为中心。如果客户将整个项目分成两个部分来交付，那你就应该按照这个方式。那</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">WBS</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">应该就是：</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">车辆调度系统</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">            </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">车辆调度子系统</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">                          </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">详细设计书</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">  <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">                                        </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">本</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">详细设计书</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">                                         </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">本</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">详细设计书</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">                                                        </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">详细设计</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">                                                       </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">评审</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">                                        </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">本</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">详细设计书</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">                                       </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">设计<span >书相关</span>文件</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">                                                       </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">设计书清单</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">                                                      </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">设计<span >书检查</span>记录</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">                               </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">                                         </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">本</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">                                        </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">本</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">                                        </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">本</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">                                       </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序相关文件</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">                                             </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序清单</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">                                            </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">Review</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">记录</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">                                            </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">测试报告</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">              </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">可视化报表与</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">Dashboard <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 105pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 10.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">详细设计书</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 105pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 10.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 105pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 10.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">测试报告</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 21pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这个</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">WBS</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的重点就是根据客户的要求，将交付成果分解出来，形成我们的</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">WBS</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">有的时候客户一下子将</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">100</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序发给你，然后确定了大致的工作步骤，对于每本程序都要做：详细设计、详细设计评审、开发、代码评审、测试设计、测试这几个工作。我们的项目经理直接就是用</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">Excel</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">做成一个矩阵表来进行管理，这样行不行？</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">首先我们来研究客户的思路，就是你需要交付</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">100</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">本程序，那么我的问题是，他让你怎么交呢？是每本程序交的时候目录如下：</span><span style="font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <table style="border-bottom-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-collapse: collapse; border-top-style: none; margin-left: 84.35pt; border-left-style: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"> <td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 213.05pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="284"> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">车辆调度系统</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">1 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 21pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">详细设计书</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">1 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 21pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">详细设计评审记录</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">1 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 21pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">1 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 21pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序评审记录</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">1 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 21pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">测试计划</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">1 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 21pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">测试记录</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">1 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 21pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">2 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 21pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">详细设计书</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">2 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">详细设计评审记录</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">2 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">2 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序评审记录</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">2 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">测试计划</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">2 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">测试记录</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">2 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">3 <p></p> </span></p> </td> <td style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 213.05pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0cm; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="284"> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">车辆调度系统</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 21pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">详细设计书</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">1 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 47.9pt; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd; mso-char-indent-count: 5.32" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">详细设计</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 47.9pt; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd; mso-char-indent-count: 5.32" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">评审</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 63pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">2 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 63pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">3 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 21pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">1 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 63pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">2 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 63pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">3 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">测试文档</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">测试计划</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 63pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 6.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">1 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 63pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 6.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">2 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 63pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 6.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">3 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 42pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">测试记录</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 63pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">1 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 63pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">2 <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 63pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">程序</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">3 <p></p> </span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"> <p> </p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这两种方式的</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">WBS</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">如上所示，他们的优劣就非常明确了。第一种情况，所有东西混在一起，是不利于管理的。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">以交付给客户的成果为中心，就是</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">WBS</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的精髓之所在。确定了</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">WBS</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">的基本部分以后，还要考虑适应我们的管理需要，包括人员分工、成本归集等部分。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">到具体的工作包以后，我们就可以分析如何完成该工作，定义出活动来。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">如何定义活动，简单的方法是，企业将整个工作分类后，确定了标准的工作类别和工作方法。到了项目这个层级，直接饮用，按照人员分工的方式，做进一步的区分，也就是不要将一个人的工作，连续进行的，再拆分为几个部分。而应该按照分工，进行调整。我们简单示意如下：</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">做详细设计，公司规定的流程如下：</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 10.5pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 1.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">1.</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">阅读客户的概要设计，提出问题，并获得澄清</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 10.5pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 1.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">2.</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">分析难题，确定解决方案</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 10.5pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 1.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">3.</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">计划详细设计</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 10.5pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 1.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">4.</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">完成设计</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 10.5pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 1.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">5.</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">自查并修正</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 10.5pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 1.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">6.</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">提交设计，申请交叉评审</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 10.5pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 1.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">7.</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">交叉评审并记录</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 10.5pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 1.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">8.</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">根据交叉评审的记录修正，并获得验证</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; margin-left: 10.5pt; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-para-margin-left: 1.0gd" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">9.</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">正式提交</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这里面按照分工的原则，</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">1-6</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">由一个人，假设为</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">A</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">负责、</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">7</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">另外一个人负责，假设为</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">B</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">，则体现在项目的进度表上就是</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">个活动，一个详细设计，包括</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">1-6,8-9</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">，一个交叉评审，为</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">7</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这两个活动起名为：详细设计、评审。关系为：</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang="EN-US">FF</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p style="text-align: left; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 21pt; background: white; word-break: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-ascii-font-family: verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">今天就讲这么多了。</span><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; color: black; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <span lang="EN-US"> <p></p> </span></span></p> <p ><span lang="EN-US"> <p> </p> </span></p> </div> <img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/aggbug/1746396.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/archive/2010/05/28/1746396.html" target="_blank">本文链接</a></p>http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/archive/2010/05/28/1746393.html制订好的WBS的步骤WBS是交付成果导向的项目工作分解结构。那我们首先要寻找什么是我们的交付成果。这个问题使我想起了面向对象技术中的一个问题，那就是如何寻找类和对象。寻找类和对象的前提是，我们对系统进行了需求分析。根据需求分析的结果，1． 遍历需求有关文档2． 寻找所有的名词，形成候选的类与对象清单。3． 清理掉那些重复与无意义的候选者4． 确定剩下的类和对象之间的相互关系5． 将他们按照主题组织起来重复上面的过程，...2010-05-28T07:53:00Z2010-05-28T07:53:00Zcaidehuihttp://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/
<meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 14 (filtered)" />
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:宋体;
panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;}
@font-face
{font-family:宋体;
panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;}
@font-face
{font-family:calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"\@宋体";
panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.msonormal, li.msonormal, div.msonormal
{margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;
text-justify:inter-ideograph;
font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
p.msolistparagraph, li.msolistparagraph, div.msolistparagraph
{margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;
text-justify:inter-ideograph;
text-indent:21.0pt;
font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
.msochpdefault
{font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
/* Page Definitions */
@page wordsection1
{size:595.3pt 841.9pt;
margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;
layout-grid:15.6pt;}
div.wordsection1
{page:wordsection1;}
/* List Definitions */
ol
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0cm;}
--></style>
<div style="layout-grid: 15.6pt none" >
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US">WBS</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">是交付成果导向的项目工作分解结构。那我们首先要寻找什么是我们的交付成果。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">这个问题使我想起了面向对象技术中的一个问题，那就是如何寻找类和对象。寻找类和对象的前提是，我们对系统进行了需求分析。根据需求分析的结果，</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 39pt" ><span lang="EN-US">1．<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体">遍历需求有关文档</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 39pt" ><span lang="EN-US">2．<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体">寻找所有的名词，形成候选的类与对象清单。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 39pt" ><span lang="EN-US">3．<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体">清理掉那些重复与无意义的候选者</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 39pt" ><span lang="EN-US">4．<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体">确定剩下的类和对象之间的相互关系</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 39pt" ><span lang="EN-US">5．<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体">将他们按照主题组织起来</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">重复上面的过程，你就可以找到系统的对象结构，你就可以进行进一步的动态结构建模。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">面向对象系统的关键问题，对象原来是这样找出来的。那么项目管理的关键问题，可交付成果其实也是这样来的。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">你首先要搞清楚什么是你寻找的起点。然后根据起点，执行一个寻找过程，你就可以基本上找到你的可交付成果了。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">什么是你的起点呢？</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">首先你应该将你的目光聚焦在你的客户上，因为你所做的所有事情，他是买单的人。他说的话、他发给你的邮件、正式给你的文档、他要求做的报告、他要求你交付的东西就是你的起点。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">你应该将与客户有关所有的东西组织起来。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">从这些材料中，你应该：</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 39pt" ><span lang="EN-US">1.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体">遍历所有这些材料</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 39pt" ><span lang="EN-US">2.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体">寻找到有关的名词，建立你的候选交付成果清单</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 39pt" ><span lang="EN-US">3.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体">清理掉那些重复的、无意义的候选者</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 39pt" ><span lang="EN-US">4.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体">分析剩下的哪些是你要交付的客户的</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 39pt" ><span lang="EN-US">5.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体">分析客户是否让你将某些东西打成包一起交给他，这样你可以对这些交付成果进行归类</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: -18pt; margin-left: 39pt" ><span lang="EN-US">6.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体">按照主题进行收集这些交付成果，以便方便你进行组织</span></p>
<p ><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">你如果执行上面这个过程，你就可以大致建立一个初始的</span><span lang="EN-US">WBS</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">。你要知道，</span><span lang="EN-US">WBS</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">是你和客户之间对要提交什么东西给他的约定，所以你应该与他达成一致。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">上面这个过程，最好是你与你的团队一起去做，这样可以保证所有人对项目的可交付成果都有一个清楚而且共同的认识。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">这是</span><span lang="EN-US">WBS</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">的最基本也是最核心的部分，我们来举几个例子：</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">例子一：</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">客户要求开发一个车队跟踪系统，对车队的每一台车跟踪其状态、路线。开发周期</span><span lang="EN-US">2010-4-5</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">日至</span><span lang="EN-US">2010</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">年</span><span lang="EN-US">9</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">月</span><span lang="EN-US">15</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">日。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">客户要求交付需求分析文档、设计书、程序、手册，并负责安装与培训，以及为其</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">各月的维护工作。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">那我们大致可以知道</span><span lang="EN-US">WBS</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">的构成如下：</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">车队跟踪系统</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">需求分析文档</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">设计书</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">程序</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 42pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">手册</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 42pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">安装</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 42pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">培训</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 42pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">维护</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 42pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">项目管理</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">其中安装、培训、维护是客户要求交付的，也是可交付成果。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">例子二：</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">客户要求完成一个大型</span><span lang="EN-US">COBOL</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">系统的迁移工作，该系统原来在主机平台上，现在要迁移到</span><span lang="EN-US">AS400</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">为基础的小型机平台，功能原封不动的使用</span><span lang="EN-US">RPG</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">再实现。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">该系统一共有</span><span lang="EN-US">20000</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">个画面，分成</span><span lang="EN-US">14</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">个子系统，客户将这</span><span lang="EN-US">14</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">个子系统分成</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">个部分进行迁移。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">客户要求提供迁移计划，计划获得批准后，要交付</span><span lang="EN-US">RPG</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">系统的整体设计、每个部分的概要设计，以及每个画面的详细设计，以及最终的软件、测试计划与测试结果。但不负责有关安装、培训等工作。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">按照上面的要求，我们可以大致得到</span><span lang="EN-US">WBS</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">如下：</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US">**</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">系统迁移</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">迁移计划</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">整体设计</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">部分</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">概要设计</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">子系统</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">子系统</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">子系统</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">子系统</span><span lang="EN-US">**</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">详细设计</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">子系统</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">子系统</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">子系统</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">子系统</span><span lang="EN-US">**</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">程序</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">子系统</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">程序</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">程序</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">程序</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">子系统</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">子系统</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">子系统</span><span lang="EN-US">**</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">测试</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">测试计划</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">测试结果</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 84pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">程序</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">程序</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt; margin-left: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">程序</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">部分</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">部分</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体">部分</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p style="text-indent: 21pt" ><span style="font-family: 宋体">从上述两个思路，我们能够比较快的建立项目的</span><span lang="EN-US">WBS</span><span style="font-family: 宋体">核心，在此基础上，我们就可以比较简单的将项目给管理起来。</span></p></div><img src="http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/aggbug/1746393.html?type=1" width="1" height="1" alt=""/><p><a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/archive/2010/05/28/1746393.html" target="_blank">本文链接</a></p>http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/archive/2010/01/28/1658126.html重构还是结构，开创还是竞争－－面对战略的难题现在是一个战略的时代，对于每个企业，在完成了从创业到生存的阶段后，都想飞速发展壮大，为了飞速的发展壮大，他们需要有一个原则、指导方针来引导自己的企业前进。这个指导方针最好能够管个3年5年，在这个指导方针之下，对自己的企业进行改造－－流程重组、产品调整、管理变革、资源变换、人才改变。这个指导方针我们可以称为战略。 战略在中国历史上，战国时期就更为重要了，这决定了谁将获得最后的胜利，称为统一中国的霸主...2010-01-28T02:31:00Z2010-01-28T02:31:00Zcaidehuihttp://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/http://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/archive/2010/01/20/1652079.html合同范围与需求分析后范围严重不符问题与分析做为软件开发商，每到需求分析结束的时候，我们就会有感叹，这个需求怎么和合同上的完全不一样呢？做为客户却不能理解，我们不是还是做1－2－3－4这四个事情嘛，有啥不一样的？ 为什么会出现这个问题，我想首先的问题就是，客户的需求是解决其业务问题，从大的方面来说假设分成1－2－3－4，这个一般没有问题，如果出了问题客户也能够同意进行调整。而做需求分析的时候除了业务问题以外，最主要加入进来的确实操作习惯，...2010-01-20T01:27:00Z2010-01-20T01:27:00Zcaidehuihttp://www.cnblogs.com/caidehui/